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Tuesday 25 October 2011

Wind Power

                                                              Click here to install solar power
Wind power is actually a form of solar power, because wind is caused by heat from the sun. When air moves, causing wind, it has kinetic energy—the energy created whenever mass is in motion. With the right technology, the wind’s kinetic energy can be captured and converted to other forms of energy such as electricity or mechanical power. 

Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships. The total amount of economically extractable power available from the wind is considerably more than present human power use from all sources.  Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, and produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation.
Wind turbines convert the energy of moving air or wind into electricity. Most modern wind turbines consist of three blades, connected to a tall tower via a hub. When wind blows past the blades they rotate, spinning a shaft which connects to a generator and makes electricity.

Wind turbines are built in different sizes. Some wind turbines can only produce enough energy for one household, others can power over 1000 homes throughout the year. Their capacity to produce electricity depends on their size and the weather conditions where they are installed.
It was reported in the year 2005 that the world's wind power capacity was about 60000 megawatts, constituting about 1% of the world's present electric power usage. Although not much of this type of energy is used in the U.S, countries like Denmark and Spain make use of this technology to contribute, in quite respectful doses, to their electrical energy needs.

Modern electric power is generated by converting the rotary motion of the turbines, caused by the wind, into electrical energy by the means of a electric generator. Wind power is used to provide electricity ranging from large wind gardens to stand-alone mills to provide energy for isolated places.

It also has to be noted that wind energy is renewable, abundant, mitigates the greenhouse effect, contributes nothing to the air pollution and is reasonable easy to produce. The cost of producing wind power has tumbled down considerably over the time. It is worth mentioning the fact the amount of wind power being produced in the U.S alone has seen growth rates of about 15 to 20%.

About 1 to 4% of solar power is changed into wind energy, while most of it is again absorbed by the flora for photosynthesis; the rest of it keeps rushing about at high and low-altitudes with varying velocities and intensities. The power of the wind is caught by letting it flow past the turbine blades which in turn induce a torque in the motor attached. The amount of power generated is proportional to the density of air, the area swept by the rotor and the cube of the speed of the wind.

Higher velocities of wind cause more power to be generated, however, all locations no not all always have winds blowing at the same speeds or velocities. It has been noticed that the power is averaged out and most windpanels capture power in short wind bursts.

Wind power is quite a popular way to to reduce the cost of energy and most customers in the U.S can decide to go for some utility power companies and subscribe to power from these forms of new alternative sources of energy mostly wind energy.
Click here to access a manual with step by step instructions, even for a new user, to build a home made solar powered electricity.

Friday 21 October 2011

SOLAR ENERGY IN ACTION

                                                                  Click here to install solar energy
Sun is the rudimentary source of energy on earth today. It provides life to billions of living creatures on planet
Earth. It is the source of illumination and provides life. The bountiful and non-exhaustive resource in the form of solar energy is free, available and omnipotent. Humans have harnessed this resource into a usable energy form and are making use of it to the benefit of the society. Many claim that this energy is going to replace the other form of polluting energy sources in the near future. The process for this change is an extension of human ingeniousness and a fast change of the technology since the 1970s.

Historically, the sun has been the only source of energy for all living beings on the planet. With the increase in the consumption of energy on earth today and phenomenon like the greenhouse effect becoming a possible threat to the planet's existence, solar energy and other alternative forms of energies are gaining favor. They are relatively cheaper to make and do not produce harmful emissions like carbon based fuel sources.

So how does solar energy work? The process of converting the rays of the sun into a usable energy form requires conversion, storage and harnessing of the rays in a form which can be used by the energy consuming
appliances. The various ways in which this energy is being converted and used depends upon the technology utilized to harness it. For drying out clothes, direct sunlight is enough. For powering satellites, direct sunlight along with a storage mechanism is required. 

The primary method of using solar energy is to store them in cells. They were first developed in the 1950s for use on U.S. space satellites program. They are constructed from silicon. When sunlight strikes the solar cell, it makes the electrons to move about. The electrons move toward the treated front surface of the solar panel. This leads to an electron imbalance between the front and the back surface of the panel. On joining the two surfaces, a conductor is formed, just like a wire, and current begins to flow. The individual solar cells are arranged together in a PV module and the modules are grouped together to form an array. This current is used to charge cells and this energy is used to light lamps, tube lights and also to drive cars now. The current can also be used to run appliances.

Another method of using solar energy is to use curved reflectors to direct the solar rays to a convergence point and then make a current flowing system like a photo cell and store energy. Plants like this are operational in the US and in India.

Solar energy is abundantly available in the world and is perhaps the only freely available source of energy, with little or no pollutant. Its ability to easily be converted to usable forms of energy has become possible in recent years and more and more advanced and optimized ways are available to us to harness its full potential.
Most power plants all over world are using fossil fuels to operate and generate electricity. They have been used as an energy source as long as man has learned to generate power. These traditional fuel sources have been around for ages and when man started using this energy sources no one though about the consequences. Fossil fuels will eventually run out and there will be a shortage of it in near future. This shortage in will have its affect on our daily live and various industries. Today we see some of these affects already, prizes are raising and electricity is becoming more expensive. Although these fuels are more scares, the need will still be here and will not decrease in near future. To solve this shortage we will need to look for other possibilities for our energy demand.

Fortunately, alternative energy sources are growing in interest. For instance, locations with high water falls are experimenting on building a hydro-electric power plant, which turns out to be successful. Other locations with high wind speed make use of a power wind mills that can convert wind power into electricity. Also thermal and tidal powers are good alternatives. Solar energy is also one of the energy sources that is gaining in interest. This form of energy has steadily been growing. Today it is widely used in the US and other parts
of the world and the advantages are numerous. Our solar energy source, the sun, its life span is estimated to be another 4.5 billion years. It is fair to say that this energy source is almost endless.

Rate of Energy from the Sun:

The sun's radiation reaches a certain unit of area in space in the region of the Earth's orbit and is estimated to be at 1,400 watts per square meter. Out of this, photovoltaic cells (also known as solar cells) can capture 19 to 56 watts per square meter (for 15% efficiency) or an equivalent of 0.45 to 1.35 kilowatt per hour (kWh) in an annual day and night average.
 
Therefore, if there would be more area that will be covered by several solar panels, these panels can produce slightly more energy in the form of electricity than what is currently available from oil, gas, and other sources of energy combined (assuming 8% solar cell efficiency).

Conversion of Solar Energy:

There are two ways of conversion of solar energy. First is the direct solar energy which involves only one conversion into a usable form. For instance:

* Sunlight hits the solar cell, converting it into electricity.
* Sunlight hits the absorber surface of a solar thermal collector, converting into thermal energy which can be used to heat homes during cold season.

The second is the indirect solar energy which involves more than one conversion to reach a usable form. For instance:

* Plants use photosynthesis to transform solar energy to chemical energy, which can be burned later as fuel to generate electricity (also known as bio-fuel technology).

* Hydro-electric dams and wind turbines are indirectly supplied by solar energy through its interaction with the Earth's atmosphere.

Pros and Cons of Solar Energy:

Just like any other types of energy resources, this energy source has its pro's and cons.

Pros:

* Pollution-free.
* Solar facilities can be run with little extra input or maintenance.
* It is abundant. As mentioned earlier, most of the inhabited areas here on Earth can be reached by sunlight.

Cons:

* Although it is abundant, some areas receive little sunlight. Thus, power that will be produced in these locations is a minimum.
* Only available during daytime, thus a need to conserve to energy for use in night time.
* Photovoltaic cell technologies generate direct current (DC) power which needs to be converted to alternating current (AC) power used in distribution grids.
 
Once massive development of the use of solar energy is materialized, expect that every household or industry in the world will now be powered by solar energy. It is not just a dream, it will be a dream come true.

In the energy crisis ridden world, the SUN might once again come to our rescue.

Click here to access a manual with step by step instructions, even for a new user, to build a home made solar powered electricity.